In many factories, the conveyor belt is the most basic component of the material handling system. Conveyor belts are a reliable and economical way to transport materials. Conveyors can move materials up slopes, through corners, lows and heights, over and under the ground. Conveyors are well integrated with other processes such as crushing, screening, carriage, ship loading and unloading, and stacking and harvesting operations.

Conveyor belts have the ability to transport materials from large, coarse and sharp stones to fine particles; From sticky slurry to dusty dry powder; From raw mine rock to foundry sand; They have everything from tall trees to wood chips and even potato chips of all material handling systems, conveyors typically operate at the lowest transportation cost per ton, lowest maintenance cost per ton, lowest energy cost per ton, and lowest labor cost per ton.

In fact, the conveyor belt is a large reinforced belt that is stretched around several pulleys, moves at a certain speed and carries a certain amount of material. The length of the conveyor can be any number. Its capacity is limited by the width and speed of the belt, and most conveyors move thousands of tons of materials every hour.

Components of a standard conveyor

All bulk material conveyors consist of the following six main components:

• A belt or belt, in the form of a moving surface that moves material.
• Pulleys hold and move the tape and control its tension.
• The drive system applies power to one or more pulleys to move the belt.
• The structure holds and adjusts the rotating components.
• The tape holding system holds the reciprocating tape.
• Conveyor systems load or unload materials.

Another part of all conveyors is the peripheral equipment that is installed to improve the efficiency of the system and includes the following components:

Tension system, tape cleaners, iron parts detection systems, skirts and seals, tape holding systems, hinges, safety switches, dust removal and dust indicator systems, and weather protection systems.

Conveyors move by connecting the motor to the drive pulley. Determining the required power of the conveyor is based on the tension of the belt and its speed.

The factors that have the greatest effect on the power required of the conveyor are: the material on the belt and the height to be stacked.

The friction of different conveyor components usually constitutes a small part of the required power. When the bar is horizontal, this friction is most important.